“Pink eye” is a catch-all term that hides four very different problems — and the wrong treatment can prolong symptoms, spread the infection, or in the case of herpes, allow permanent corneal damage. Bacterial infections need antibiotics. Viral infections do not. Herpes simplex keratitis requires antiviral therapy and must never be treated with steroids alone. Herpes zoster (shingles) of the eye is a true urgency that benefits from antivirals started within 72 hours of rash onset.
Dr. Patel uses slit-lamp microscopy, fluorescein staining, and a careful history to determine exactly which infection you have — and prescribes the targeted therapy that gets you better fastest while protecting your long-term vision.
If you searched for “pink eye,” you are in the right place — most pink eye cases are bacterial or viral conjunctivitis. Our pink eye overview covers the patient-friendly basics, while the four pages below go deeper into each cause and its treatment.
Seek same-day care if you have: severe eye pain, marked light sensitivity, blurred vision, a forehead rash with eye redness, contact lens wear with red eye, or symptoms that worsen despite over-the-counter drops.
Types of Eye Infections
Frequently Asked Questions
Symptoms overlap significantly between bacterial, viral, and herpes-related infections — even experienced doctors can have a hard time telling them apart at a glance. Bacterial infections typically produce thick yellow-green discharge; viral infections cause watery eyes and may follow a cold; herpes simplex often affects one eye with significant pain and light sensitivity; and shingles produces a painful rash around the eye and forehead. Dr. Patel uses slit-lamp examination and clinical history to determine the exact cause and prescribe targeted treatment.
Most bacterial and viral conjunctivitis cases are not true emergencies but warrant same-day evaluation to start treatment, prevent spread, and rule out more serious conditions. Herpes simplex keratitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (shingles in the eye) are urgent — early antiviral treatment can prevent permanent corneal scarring and vision loss. Any eye infection with severe pain, light sensitivity, or vision changes should be seen immediately.
Routine bacterial and viral conjunctivitis rarely cause lasting damage. However, herpes simplex keratitis is the leading infectious cause of corneal blindness in the United States, and herpes zoster ophthalmicus can cause chronic inflammation, glaucoma, and corneal scarring if not treated promptly. This is why early diagnosis and targeted antiviral therapy matter so much.
Only bacterial infections respond to antibiotics. Viral infections require supportive care or, in herpes cases, specific antiviral medications — antibiotics will not help and may delay correct treatment. Dr. Patel only prescribes antibiotics when clinically indicated, in line with stewardship guidelines.
Wash your hands frequently, do not touch or rub your eyes, do not share towels, pillowcases, or eye cosmetics, discard contact lenses and lens cases used while infected, and stay home from school or work until cleared. For herpes infections, avoid contact with infants and immunocompromised individuals during active outbreaks.